Compound Placenames in English

by Juliana de Luna (Julia Smith)

Over the last decade, we have accumulated information about several patterns of compound placenames in English (that is, placenames created by taking an existing placename or toponymic element and adding to it an additional identifier, like the name of an owner). Such names were used both in the names of locations (and thus suitable for branch and household names) and in personal names. While most of our examples of personal names using these complex locatives are late period, there are some earlier examples, such as the mid 13th c. filius Wilelmi de Media Karleton' and filius Adae de Oswaldekyrke (both from Postles 2006, p. 92 and p. 97 respectively).

This article reviews the patterns of complex bynames we can identify and gives six to ten examples of each (fewer than that means that I was unable to identify at least six examples). The sources of citations are indicated in the text; full bibliographic citations for the sources are given below.

FIXME - links go here for each category and subcategory (kinda like the top of the Colleges page in that article). I'll add the links when the category headers/subheaders below are finalized

There are many examples of surnames appended to existing placenames in Mills and Ekwall. This pattern has been documented for some time. The most important precedent regarding this pattern is:

Sandy is a placename, dated as Sandeie to 1086 in Mills (Ekwall, s.n. Sandy). There is a pattern of English placenames created by appending surnames to existing placenames. Examples of this include Chilton Foliot 1221 (Mills, p. 78 Ekwall, s.n. Chilton), Northone Brun c. 1266 (Mills, p. 244 Ekwall, s.n. Norton), and Saunford Peverel 1275 (Mills, p. 284 Ekwall, s.n. Sampford). As Stream is a surname, dated to 1279 in the form ate Streme (Reaney & Wilson, Ekwall, s.n. Stream), a location Sandy located on or near an estate owned by the Stream family could come to be known as Sandy Stream. [Leah of Sandy Stream, 08/2003 LoAR, A-Caid]

Pattern One: Placename with family name or other owner reference following

Placename with family name following

There are many examples of family names appended to existing placenames in Mills and Ekwall. Examples include:

Acaster Malebisse 1252 Ekwall, s.n. Acaster Malbis & Selby

Akton Burnill 1198 Ekwall, s.n. Acton

Acton Picot 1255 Ekwall, s.n. Acton

Adbryghton Heose 1327 Ekwall, s.n. Albright Hussey

Allerton Mauleuerer 1231 Ekwall, s.n. Allerton Mauleverer

Aweltun Berner' 1275 Ekwall, s.n. Alton Pancras

Anna Savage 1242 Ekwall, s.n. Ann, Abbots & Little, Amport, Sarson

Aspeleye Gyse 1363 Ekwall, s.n. Aspley Guise

Aston Sanford 1242 Ekwall, s.n. Aston

Aston Aer 1291 Ekwall, s.n. Aston

Ascam Bryan 1285 Mills, s.n. Askham

A few examples of this pattern retain articles or prepositions from bynames

Acton le Runde 1284 Ekwall, s.n. Acton

Morton de Say 1255 Ekwall, s.n. Moreton

Esseby la Zusche 1241 Ekwall, s.n. Ashby

Anna de Port c. 1270 Ekwall, s.n. Ann, Abbots & Little, Amport, Sarson

Toting de Bek 1255 Mills London, s.n. Toting Bec and Graveney

Stokes de Abernun 1253 Mills, s.n. Stoke

Some combine the placename and family name as one word

Bartonblonte 1535 Ekwall, s.n. Barton

Bairechartereay 1288 Ekwall, s.n. Beer

Byrfferers 1239 Ekwall, s.n. Bere Ferrers

Berehaket 1362 Mills, s.n. Beer Hacket

Totingraveney 1316 Mills London, s.n. Toting Bec & Graveney

Totingbek 1316 Mills London, s.n. Toting Bec & Graveney

One example uses the possessive form of the family name

Belcham Otes 1256 Ekwall, s.n. Belchamp Otten, St. Pauls, and Walton

The pattern is also found with Latin elements (with the attached name in the genitive form)

Actona Willelmi 1167 Ekwall, s.n. Acton

Essebia Fulconis de Foleuilla Henry II Ekwall, s.n. Ashbey

Esse Valteri 1270 Mills, s.n. Ashwater

Askham Ricardi 1291 Mills, s.n. Askham

The pattern of adding the owner's name after the placename also occurs with titles, like abbot and count

Esse Prior 1263 Ekwall, s.n. Ash

Essheby Canons 13th. c. Mills, s.n. Ashby

The same pattern with Latin elements (with the attached title in the genitive form)

Adbrichton Monachorum 1255 Ekwall, s.n. Albright Hussey

Aulton prioris 1199 Ekwall, s.n. Alton Pancras

Anne Abbatis c. 1270 Ekwall, s.n. Ann, Abbots & Little, Amport, Sarson

Esseby Canonicorum 1254 Ekwall, s.n. Ashby

Eston abbatis Sancti Albani 1237-40 Ekwall, s.n. Aston

Aston Abbatis 1262 Ekwall, s.n. Aston

Barton comitis David 1187 Ekwall, s.n. Barton

Betton Abbatis 1301 Ekwall, s.n. Betton Abbots or Strange

Stoke Episcopei c. 1270 Ekwall, s.n. Bishopstoke

Placename with church/saint's name following

Aulton Pancras 1412 Ekwall, s.n. Alton Pancras

Stokegabriel 1309 Mills, s.n. Stoke

Berevord St Martin 1304 Mills, s.n. Barford

Belchampe of St Paul 1451 Mills, s.n. Belchamp

Placename with church/saint's name following with Latin elements

Ameneye Sancte Crucis 1287 Ekwall, s.n. Ampney Crucis, St. Mary, St. Peter, Down A~

Amenel Sancti Petri c. 1275 Ekwall, s.n. Ampney Crucis, St. Mary, St. Peter, Down A~

Ammeney Beate Marie 1291 Ekwall, s.n. Ampney Crucis, St. Mary, St. Peter, Down A~

Esseby Sancti Ledodgarii 1248 Ekwall, s.n. Ashby St. Ledgers

Bernewell Omnium Sanctorum 1254 Ekwall, s.n. Barnwell St. Andrew & All Saints

Bernewell Sancti Andree 1254 Ekwall, s.n. Barnwell St. Andrew & All Saints

Bello Campo Sancti Pauli 1248 Ekwall, s.n. Belchamp Otten, St. Pauls, and Walton

Berewyk Sancti Jacobi c. 1991 Ekwall, s.n. Berwick

Berewyke S. Johannis 1267 Ekwall, s.n. Berwick

Berewyk Sancti Leonardi 1291 Ekwall, s.n. Berwick

Pattern Two: Placename with surname preceding

This pattern is somewhat less common than the first one. Sometimes family names or titles precede the placename; in this case, the family name or title generally takes a possessive form.

Family or given name in possessive form preceding placename

Ringgesashe 1306 Ekwall, s.n. Ashereigny

Scottes Acton 1289 Ekwall, s.n. Acton

Craucombesbere 1325 Ekwall, s.n. Beer

Brittesmoreton 1204 Ekwall, s.n. Morton

Aluredestretton 1262 Mills, s.n. Stretton

Bekesborne 1280 Mills, s.n. Bekesbourne

Rous lench 1445 Mills, s.n. Lench

Family or given name unmodified preceding placename

Abeleng 1086 Mills, s.n. Lench

Achelenz 1086 Mills, s.n. Lench

Cocking Hatley 1576 Mills, s.n. Hatley

Waterbelcham 1297 Ekwall, s.n. Belchamp Otten, St. Pauls, and Walton

Pattern Three: Placename or family name followed by generic toponymic

The pattern of creating a placename by combining a family name or existing placename with a generic toponym (a type of place, like a meadow or forest) has been well documented. There are two precedents regarding this; one from 7/03 gives evidence for family names in unmodified form:

No evidence was provided to support adding Sands to the end of an existing placename. However, there is a pattern in English, during the late Middle Ages and Renaissance, of placenames formed by appending a toponymic to a surname. Siren found some examples of this type of placename in A. D. Mills, Oxford Dictionary of London Place Names, including: Aldborough Hacche c. 1490 (s.n. Aldborough Hatch), Culling Deepe 1584 (s.n. Colindale), Coanie hatch 1593 (s.n. Colney Hatch), Fygmershe c. 1530 (s.n. Figge's Marsh), Gallion Reache 1588 (s.n. Gallions Reach), and Gallion Nesse 1588 (s.n. Gallions Reach).

And one from 5/04 gives evidence of the same pattern with the family name in the possessive form:

However, Mills does have some examples of "family name+topographic", including s.n. Towersey, Turrisey, "of the Tower family, Towers' eg" 1240; s.n. Tey, Great, Merkys Tey, "Tege of the de Merck family" 1475; s.n. Leigh Bessilles Lee, "Leigh of the Bessil family" 1539.

Title in possessive form preceding placename

Abbotesberton 1329 Ekwall, s.n. Barton

Abbots Bekenton 1580 Mills, s.n. Bickington

Earls Barton 1290 Ekwall, s.n. Barton

Freron Barnet 1460 Ekwall, s.n. Barnet Chipping, East, and High and New (Friars')

Freresbarnet 1336 Mills London, s.n. Barnet, Frieren

Bisshopeshampton 1381 Ekwall, s.n. Bishampton

Biscopesburne 11th c. Ekwall, s.n. Bishopsbourne (was Burnes in the Domesday Book)

Bisshopescanyngges 1314 Mills, s.n. Cannings, All & Bishops

Bishops Churyton 1370 Mills, s.n. Cheriton

Monekenebukhurst 1286 Mills London, s.n. Monkham's Avenue

Monken Hadley 1489 Mills London, s.n. Hadley, Monken Hadley

Abbotes Langele 1263 Mills, s.n. Langley

Kyngeslangeley 1463 Mills, s.n. Langley

Word referring to church or abbey not in possessive form preceding placename

Stepell Asschton 1341 Ekwall, s.n. Ashton

Rode Assheton 1475 Ekwall, s.n. Ashton

Stepelestone 1219 Ekwall, s.n. Aston

Chirche Acton 1347 Mills London, s.n. Acton

Kyrkelongeleye 1269 Mills, s.n. Langley

Chirch Langeton 1316 Mills, s.n. Langton

Whitladyaston 1481 Ekwall, s.n. Aston

Abbei Stratford 1389 Mills London, s.n. Stratford

Chapel Allerton 1360 Mills, s.n. Allerton

Chirich Stretton 1262 Mills, s.n. Stretton

Temple Grafton 1363 Mills, s.n. Grafton

Family names + generic topographic feature

Aldborough Hacche c. 1490 Mills London, s.n. Aldborough Hatch

Culling Deepe 1584 Mills London, s.n. Colindale

Coanie hatch 1593 Mills London, s.n. Colney Hatch

Fygmershe c. 1530 Mills London, s.n. Figge's Marsh

Gallion Reache 1588 Mills London, s.n. Gallions Reach

Gallion Nesse 1588 Mills London, s.n. Gallions Reach

Bokkynge Assh 1411 Mills, s.n. Ashbocking

Family name in possessive form + generic toponym

Ballardes Wood 1544 Mills London, s.n. Ballards Farm Road

Turrisey 1240 Mills, s.n. Towersey

Merkys Tey 1475 Mills, s.n. Tey, Great

Bessilles Lee 1539 Mills, s.n. Leigh

Squirrels Heath 16th c. Mills London, s.n. Squirrels Heath

Placename followed by generic toponym

Aissewellethorpe (thorp belonging to Ashwell) 1254 Ekwall, s.n. Ashwellthorpe

Bichamdic (-dic has the modern meaning 'ditch') c. 1050 Ekwall, s.n. Beechamwell

Bichham Welles (near some spring/'well') 1212 Ekwall, s.n. Beechamwell

Benfeldside 1297 Ekwall, s.n. Benfieldside

Lambythemersh 1377 Mills London, s.n. Lambeth

Lambeth Marshe 1597 Mills London, s.n. Lambeth

Lytel Ylleford heth 1369 Mills London, s.n. Little Heath

Peckham Rith 1529 Mills London, s.n. Peckham Rye

Barkingside 1538 Mills London, s.n. Barkingside

Barnes Elms c. 1540 Mills London, s.n. Barn Elms

Bernelmes 1580 Mills London, s.n. Barn Elms

Bradefordebrigge c. 1387 Mills London, s.n. Battle Bridge Road

Bekentre hathe 13th c. Mills London, s.n. Becontree

Bentrye Hethe 1594 Mills London, s.n. Becontree

Stepheneth mershe 1432 Mills London, s.n. Isle of Dogs

Heighhamhill 1501 Mills London, s.n. Higham Hill

Hyewoodhill 1568 Mills London, s.n. Highwood Hill

Thorneton Hethe 1511 Mills London, s.n. Thornton Heath

Cambridge Heath 1596 Mills London, s.n. Cambridge Heath

Camprichthesheth 1275 Mills London, s.n. Cambridge Heath

Suffeild Hatch Grove 1641 Mills London, s.n. Suffield Hatch & Road

Stokeferie 1248 Mills, s.n. Stoke

Generic Toponym followed by placename

Mersse Baldinton 1241 Ekwall, s.n. Baldon, Toot and Marsh

Totbaldyndone (tote means 'hill') 1312 Ekwall, s.n. Baldon

Holebenham 1220 Ekwall, s.n. Benham Park, Hoe and Marsh B~, B~ Valence

Wodbastwyk 1253 Ekwall, s.n. Bastwick

Wodenderby 1198 Mills, s.n. Enderby

Pattern Four: Addition of adjectives to existing placenames

Many adjectives are added to existing placenames. These are organized by type and whether or not they're Latinized.

'Large' or 'Small'

Greate Aston 1619 Mills, s.n. Aston

Great Barre 1322 Ekwall, s.n. Barr, Great

Great Langeton 1223 Mills, s.n. Langton

Great Morton sub Lyme 1289 Ekwall, s.n.. Moreton

Greate Stanmore 1392 Mills London, s.n. Stanmore

Litelanstan 1086 Mills, s.n Anston, North & South

Little Aston 1266 Ekwall, s.n. Aston

Little Baggebergh 1243 Ekwall, s.n. Bagborough

Little Bampton 1317 Ekwall, s.n. Bampton

Little Barre 1208 Ekwall, s.n. Barr, Great

Little Stanmore 1599 Mills London, s.n. Stanmore

Little Stanmer 1590 Mills London, s.n. Whitechurch

Little Yelling 1650 Mills London, s.n. Ealing

Lytel Ylleford heth 1369 Mills London, s.n. Little Heath

Michill Ilford (Michill means 'great') c. 1462 Mills London, s.n. Ilford

Much Stanmer c. 1580 Mills London, s.n. Stanmore

'Large' and 'Small' Latinized

Benteleye Magna 1254 Ekwall, s.n. Bentley

Benteleye Parva 1254 Ekwall, s.n. Bentley

Berdefeud Magna 1238 Ekwall, s.n. Bardfield

Berdefeud Parva 1238 Ekwall, s.n. Barfield

Berningham Parva 1254 Ekwall, s.n. Barningham, Little

Magna Askeby 1292 Ekwall, s.n. Asby

Magna Beneton 1252 Ekwall, s.n. Benton, Little and Longbenton

Magna Berningham 1254 Ekwall, s.n. Barningham, Little

Maior Adinton 1220 Ekwall, s.n. Addington

Minor Adinton 1220 Ekwall, s.n. Addington

Parva Askeby 1292 Ekwall, s.n. Asby

Parva Babington 1242 Ekwall, s.n. Bavington

Parva Bentona 1236 Ekwall, s.n. Benton, Little and Longbenton

Cardinal direction plus placename

Estanesty 1263 Ekwall, s.n. Anstey, East and West

Estmorten 1231 Ekwall, s.n. Morton

Nort Eston 1200 Ekwall, s.n. Aston

Northanstan 1297 Ekwall, s.n. Anton, North and South

Northberwe 1242 Ekwall, s.n. Barrow

North Lamhuth 1309 Mills London, s.n. Lambuth

Nortmorton Domesday Book (1086) Ekwall, s.n. Morton

Sud Berwe 1242 Ekwall, s.n. Barrow

Sutacre 1242 Ekwall, s.n. Acre, Castle, South & West

Suthanstan 1297 Ekwall, s.n. Anton, North and South

West Baggebergh 1243 Ekwall, s.n. Bagborough

Westacre 1203 Ekwall, s.n. Acre, Castle, South & West

Westanostige 1234 Ekwall, s.n. Anstey, East and West

Westmorton 1231 Ekwall, s.n. Morton

'Upper' and 'Lower' plus placename

Heghebuginton 1423 Mills, s.n. Bickington

High Bernet 1575 Mills London, s.n. Barnet, Chipping

Holway the lower 1593 Mills London, s.n. Holloway

Holway the upper 1593 Mills London, s.n. Holloway

le Nether Northefeld 1459 Mills London, s.n. Northfields

le Over Northefeld 1459 Mills London, s.n. Northfields

Nederavena c. 1150 Ekwall, s.n. Avon

Netherarnecote 1283 Ekwall, s.n. Arncot, Upper & Lower

Netherbetynges 1279 Ekwall, Beeding, Lower & Upper

Oppavrene Domesday Book (1086) Ekwall, s.n. Avon

Overarnecote 1283 Ekwall, s.n. Arncot, Upper & Lower

Upavene c. 1150 Ekwall, s.n. Avon

Upper Bushhill 1608 Mills London, s.n. Bush Hill

'Old' or 'New' plus placename

Aldekanning 1205 Mills, s.n. Cannings, All & Bishops

New Braynford 1521 Mills London, s.n. Brentford

Old Braynford 1476 Mills London, s.n. Brentford

Vetus Appelbi 1198 Ekwall, s.n. Appleby, Magna & Parva

Other adjective plus placename

Caldessebi c. 1150 Mills, s.n. Ashby

Cold Aston 1316 Ekwall, s.n. Aston

Estona frigida 1275 Ekwall, s.n. Aston

Colde Hatton 1223 Mills, s.n. Hatton

Irnacton ('Iron') 1287 Ekwall, s.n Acton

Irenacton 1248 Mills, s.n. Acton

Staniacton ('Stone') 1242 Ekwall, s.n. Acton

Midelestun 1220 Ekwall, s.n. Aston

Wetenaston (Weten probably means 'wheaten') 1248 Ekwall, s.n. Aston

Nigravre Domesday Book (1086) Ekwall, s.n. Avon

Hungre Bentley 1431 Ekwall, s.n. Bentley

Fennibenetlegh 1272 Ekwall, s.n. Bentley

Gudelenemorton 1226 Ekwall, s.n. Moreton

Stokene Neuton (stoken means 'tree stumps') 1294 Mills London, s.n. Stoke Newington

Stokenewington (stoken means 'tree stumps') 1535 Mills London, s.n. Stoke Newington

Blakaueton 1286 Ekwall, s.n. Blackawton

Hangyndestok ('hanging') 1263 Mills, s.n. Stoke

Longe Asshton 1467 Mills, s.n. Ashton

Haulte Huknall (Haulte means 'high') 1535 Mills, s.n. Hucklow

Heye Hatton 1327 Mills, s.n. Hatton

Fulebachope c. 1200 Mills, s.n. Bacup

Placename plus other adjective

Bykenore Anglican' 1291 Ekwall, s.n. Bicknor

Bykenore Walens' 1291 Ekwall, s.n. Bicknor

Neweton Stoken (stoken means 'tree stumps') 1274 Mills London, s.n. Stoke Newington

Leyton Stone 1426 Mills London, s.n, Leytonstone

Pattern Five: Other complex placenames

Other element plus placename

Asse Wykin ('Wicken' is an independent placename) 1302 Ekwall, s.n. Ashwicken

Askiwiken ('Wicken' is an independent placename) 1275 Mills, s.n Ashwicken

Sculacle 12th c. Ekwall, s.n. Aycliffe, Great, School

Castelacr' 1235 Ekwall, s.n. Acre, Castle, South & West

Castellum Bern' c. 1150 Ekwall, s.n. Barnard Castle

Castel Morton 1346 Ekwall, s.n. Morton

Castel Assheby 1361 Ekwall, s.n. Ashby

Chepyng Barnet 1343 Ekwall, s.n. Barnet Chipping, East, High, and New

Two placenames

Allerton Gledhowe 1285 Ekwall, s.n. Allerton

Asshfeld Badewelle 1320 Ekwall, s.n. Badwell Ash

Badewelle Asfelde 13th c. Ekwall, s.n. Badwell Ash

Barton Hartshorn c. 1450 Ekwall, s.n. Barton

Batheston 1258 Ekwall, s.n. Batheaston

Bellebrochton 1290 Ekwall, s.n. Belbroughton

Belne Brochton 1298 Ekwall, s.n. Belbroughton

Berdefeld Salynge 1314 Ekwall, s.n. Bardfield

Berton Bristoll 1220 Ekwall, s.n. Barton

Ivyngho Aston 1490 Ekwall, s.n. Aston

Morton et Merehull 1316 Ekwall, s.n. Moreton

Morton Merehul 1336 Ekwall, s.n. Moreton

Placename with prepositional phrase

Allerton by ye water 1430 Mills, s.n. Allerton

Allerton Bywater 1257 Ekwall, s.n. Allerton

Appelton in Allerdale 1229 Ekwall, s.n. Apppleton

Ashton under Lyme 1305 Ekwall, s.n. Ashton

Assheton Underhill 1544 Mills, s.n. Ashton

Asshton under Lyme 1305 Mills, s.n. Ashton

Aston by Mondrem 1350 Ekwall, s.n. Aston

Aston in the Walles 1483 Ekwall, s.n. Aston

Aston juxta Burningham 1294 Ekwall, s.n. Aston

Aston sup. Carent 1327 Ekwall, s.n. Aston

Aston super Trentam 1330 Ekwall, s.n. Aston

Aynderby in le Myre 1499 Ekwall, s.n. Ainderby Mires

Aynderby wyth Stepil 1316 Ekwall, s.n. Ainderby Mires

Barewe on Sore 1311 Ekwall, s.n. Barrow

Barneby in the More 1371 Mills, s.n. Barmby

Barneby super Don 1285 Ekwall, s.n. Barneby Moor

Barneby super Don 1285 Mills, s.n. Barnby

Barton in le Benes 1388 Ekwall, s.n. Barton

Barton in le Benes 1388 Mills, s.n. Barton

Barton sub Nedwode Henry III Ekwall, s.n. Barton

Barton super Humbre 1281 Ekwall, s.n. Barton

Barton-in-the-Clay 1535 Mills, s.n. Barton

Berewicum super Twedam 1229 Ekwall, s.n. Berwick

Bertune apud Bristov Domesday Book (1086) Ekwall, s.n. Barton

Byestewalle juxta Warham 1310 Ekwall, s.n. Bestwall

Eston apud Ivyngho 128 Ekwall, s.n. Aston

Great Morton sub Lyme 1289 Ekwall, s.n. Moreton

Harowe atte Hille 1398 Mills London, s.n. Harrow

Harowe on the Hill 1426 Mills London, s.n. Harrow

Hauering atte Bower 1272 Mills London, s.n. Havering-atte-Bower

Kingestowne upon Thames 1589 Mills London, s.n. Kingstown Thames

Le Holeweye in Iseldone 1307 Mills London, s.n. Holloway

Les Bruses in Totenham 1375 Mills London, s.n. Bruce Castle & Grove

Leye under Brochurst 1285 Mills, s.n. Lee

Leyton atte Stone 1370 Mills London, s.n. Leytonstone

Mellefeld iuxta Mellelane 1443 Mills London, s.n. Millfields, North and South

Morton in Hennemersh 1253 Ekwall, s.n. Moreton

Morton juxta Logge 1291 Ekwall, s.n. Moreton

Stoke in Clymeslond 1302 Mills, s.n. Stoke

Stokes under Hamden 1248 Mills, s.n. Stoke

Strateford atte Bowe 1279 Mills London, s.n. Bow

Stratford at the Bowe 1494 Mills London, s.n. Bow

Strattone by Sugwas 1334 Mills, s.n. Stretton

Thorpe super Usam 1194 Ekwall, s.n. Bishopsthorpe

Wodecote juxta Croydun 1307 Mills London, s.n. Woodcote

Documentation for some specific elements:

Haven (as addition to existing placename)

In Speed's The Counties of Britain (most maps drawn 1610), there are a group of placenames that add -haven to an existing placename. They include:

Ballatimore Haven, Munster c. 1610 Speed, pp. 282-283

Corckhauen, Munster c. 1610 Speed, pp. 282-283

Cuckmere haven, Sussex c. 1610 Speed, p. 175

Deere haven, Munster c. 1610 Speed, pp. 282-283

Dingle haven, Munster c. 1610 Speed, pp. 282-283

Dungarvan haven, Munster c. 1610 Speed, pp. 282-283

Feriter haven, Munster c. 1610 Speed, pp. 282-283

Gascon haven, Munster c. 1610 Speed, pp. 282-283

Haslings haven, Sussex c. 1610 Speed, p. 175

Pemsey Haven, Sussex c. 1610 Speed, p. 175

Waterford haven, Munster c. 1610 Speed, pp. 282-283

Youghall haven, Munster c. 1610 Speed, pp. 282-283

A few appear to add -haven to another element, without an existing placename. These are not standard prothemes; instead, they seem to be the kinds of elements added to existing placenames.

Newhauen, Kent c. 1610 Speed, p. 107

North Hauen poynt, Dorset c. 1610 Speed, p. 71

Rye Hauen, Kent c. 1610 Speed, p. 107

South Hauen poynt, Dorset c. 1610 Speed, p. 71

Cuckolds haven 1588 Mills London, s.n. Cuckold's Point

The precedent from 12/01 adds another citation. At the time, it rules the element SCA-compatible, but the evidence here is clear for adding Haven to an existing placename. The evidence for constructing a bithemic placename using haven is weak.

The element haven means 'harbor'. It was normally appended to an existing location name. For example, Speed, The Counties of Britain (p. 90, map of the Isle of Wight, most maps in this source drawn c. 1610) lists the location Yarmouth and lists Yarmouth Haven for the name of the harbor/bay nearby, Yarmouth cast (an abbreviation for castle) and Yarmouth Rode for locations near Yarmouth. (12/01, Rose Morgan).

'Crest' and 'Keep'

Crest and Keep are not found as placename elements. However, they are found both as generic toponyms and as family names. Therefore, they can be used in contexts where such elements can be used (appended to existing placnames or after the name of an owning family). Citations for them are given in precedent:

[crest and keep] The element crest falls into the same category as keep. In both cases, we do not have evidence of that element used in a formal place name in period, though we have evidence of each as a geographical element. Bardsley (p. 216 Ekwall, s.n. Crest) dates both Rogerus del Crest and Johannes del Crest to 1379. Bardsley (p. 441 Ekwall, s.n. Keep) dates William atte Kep to 18 Edw. I, Roger Kep to I Edw. III, and Richard atte Kippe to I Edw. III. Reaney & Wilson (p. 261 Ekwall, s.n. Keep) dates Thomas ate Kepe to 1327 and Roger de Kepe to 1332. (11/01)

Family name followed by 'Green'

Wendengrene 1386 Mills London, s.n. Walham Green

Wanam Grene 1546 Mills London, s.n. Walham Green

Personesgrene 1391 Mills London, s.n. Parsons Green

Boundsgrene 1608 Mills London, s.n. Bonds Green

Placename followed by 'Green'

Assheley grene 1468 Mills, s.n. Ashley

Blethenalegreene 1443 Mills London, s.n. Bethnal Green

Camerwell grene 1572 Mills London, s.n. Camberwell

Estactongreene 1474 Mills London, s.n. Acton

Hadleygrene 1514 Mills London, s.n. Ardleigh Green

Lising Green 1610 Mills London, s.n. Lisson Green

Lylleston Grene 1547 Mills London, s.n. Lisson Green

Newyngtongrene 1480 Mills London, s.n. Newington Green

Elements followed by 'Grove'

Arnoldes Grove 1551 Mills London, s.n. Arnos Grove

Clayes More Grove 1610 Mills London, s.n. Claysmore

Foxgrove 1355 Mills London, s.n. Foxgrove

le Rokegrofe 1431 Mills London, s.n. Roke, Little

Pypis Grove 16th c. Mills London, s.n. Phipps Bridge

Suffeild Hatch Grove 1641 Mills London, s.n. Suffield Hatch & Road

Sources

Ekwall	Ekwall, Eilert. The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Place-names. Oxford University Press.
Mills	Mills, A. D.. A Dictionary of English Place-Names. Oxford University Press.
Mills London	Mills, A. D.. A Dictionary of London Place Names. Oxford University Press.
Speed	Speed. The Counties of Britain.

HTML editing by Mari ingen Briain meic Donnchada.

Medieval Scotland | Medieval Names Archive | Compound Placenames in English

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Pattern One: Placename with family name or other owner reference following
Placename with family name following
There are many examples of family names appended to existing placenames in Mills and Ekwall. Examples include:
Acaster Malebisse	1252	Ekwall, s.n. Acaster Malbis & Selby
Akton Burnill	1198	Ekwall, s.n. Acton
Acton Picot	1255	Ekwall, s.n. Acton
Adbryghton Heose	1327	Ekwall, s.n. Albright Hussey
Allerton Mauleuerer	1231	Ekwall, s.n. Allerton Mauleverer
Aweltun Berner'	1275	Ekwall, s.n. Alton Pancras
Anna Savage	1242	Ekwall, s.n. Ann, Abbots & Little, Amport, Sarson
Aspeleye Gyse	1363	Ekwall, s.n. Aspley Guise
Aston Sanford	1242	Ekwall, s.n. Aston
Aston Aer	1291	Ekwall, s.n. Aston
Ascam Bryan	1285	Mills, s.n. Askham

A few examples of this pattern retain articles or prepositions from bynames
Acton le Runde	1284	Ekwall, s.n. Acton
Morton de Say	1255	Ekwall, s.n. Moreton
Esseby la Zusche	1241	Ekwall, s.n. Ashby
Anna de Port	c. 1270	Ekwall, s.n. Ann, Abbots & Little, Amport, Sarson
Toting de Bek	1255	Mills London, s.n. Toting Bec and Graveney
Stokes de Abernun	1253	Mills, s.n. Stoke

Some combine the placename and family name as one word
Bartonblonte	1535	Ekwall, s.n. Barton
Bairechartereay	1288	Ekwall, s.n. Beer
Byrfferers	1239	Ekwall, s.n. Bere Ferrers
Berehaket	1362	Mills, s.n. Beer Hacket
Totingraveney	1316	Mills London, s.n. Toting Bec & Graveney
Totingbek	1316	Mills London, s.n. Toting Bec & Graveney

One example uses the possessive form of the family name
Belcham Otes	1256	Ekwall, s.n. Belchamp Otten, St. Pauls, and Walton

The pattern is also found with Latin elements (with the attached name in the genitive form)
Actona Willelmi	1167	Ekwall, s.n. Acton
Essebia Fulconis de Foleuilla	Henry II	Ekwall, s.n. Ashbey
Esse Valteri	1270	Mills, s.n. Ashwater
Askham Ricardi	1291	Mills, s.n. Askham

The pattern of adding the owner's name after the placename also occurs with titles, like abbot and count
Esse Prior	1263	Ekwall, s.n. Ash
Essheby Canons	13th. c.	Mills, s.n. Ashby

The same pattern with Latin elements (with the attached title in the genitive form)
Adbrichton Monachorum	1255	Ekwall, s.n. Albright Hussey
Aulton prioris	1199	Ekwall, s.n. Alton Pancras
Anne Abbatis	c. 1270	Ekwall, s.n. Ann, Abbots & Little, Amport, Sarson
Esseby Canonicorum	1254	Ekwall, s.n. Ashby
Eston abbatis Sancti Albani	1237-40	Ekwall, s.n. Aston
Aston Abbatis	1262	Ekwall, s.n. Aston
Barton comitis David	1187	Ekwall, s.n. Barton
Betton Abbatis	1301	Ekwall, s.n. Betton Abbots or Strange
Stoke Episcopei	c. 1270	Ekwall, s.n. Bishopstoke

Placename with church/saint's name following
Aulton Pancras	1412	Ekwall, s.n. Alton Pancras
Stokegabriel	1309	Mills, s.n. Stoke
Berevord St Martin	1304	Mills, s.n. Barford
Belchampe of St Paul	1451	Mills, s.n. Belchamp

Placename with church/saint's name following with Latin elements
Ameneye Sancte Crucis	1287	Ekwall, s.n. Ampney Crucis, St. Mary, St. Peter, Down A~
Amenel Sancti Petri	c. 1275	Ekwall, s.n. Ampney Crucis, St. Mary, St. Peter, Down A~
Ammeney Beate Marie	1291	Ekwall, s.n. Ampney Crucis, St. Mary, St. Peter, Down A~
Esseby Sancti Ledodgarii	1248	Ekwall, s.n. Ashby St. Ledgers
Bernewell Omnium Sanctorum	1254	Ekwall, s.n. Barnwell St. Andrew & All Saints
Bernewell Sancti Andree	1254	Ekwall, s.n. Barnwell St. Andrew & All Saints
Bello Campo Sancti Pauli	1248	Ekwall, s.n. Belchamp Otten, St. Pauls, and Walton
Berewyk Sancti Jacobi	c. 1991	Ekwall, s.n. Berwick
Berewyke S. Johannis	1267	Ekwall, s.n. Berwick
Berewyk Sancti Leonardi	1291	Ekwall, s.n. Berwick



Pattern Two: Placename with surname preceding
This pattern is somewhat less common than the first one. Sometimes family names or titles precede the placename; in this case, the family name or title generally takes a possessive form.

Family or given name in possessive form preceding placename
Ringgesashe	1306	Ekwall, s.n. Ashereigny
Scottes Acton	1289	Ekwall, s.n. Acton
Craucombesbere	1325	Ekwall, s.n. Beer
Brittesmoreton	1204	Ekwall, s.n. Morton
Aluredestretton	1262	Mills, s.n. Stretton
Bekesborne	1280	Mills, s.n. Bekesbourne
Rous lench	1445	Mills, s.n. Lench

Family or given name unmodified preceding placename
Abeleng	1086	Mills, s.n. Lench
Achelenz	1086	Mills, s.n. Lench
Cocking Hatley	1576	Mills, s.n. Hatley
Waterbelcham	1297	Ekwall, s.n. Belchamp Otten, St. Pauls, and Walton



Pattern Three: Placename or family name followed by generic toponymic
The pattern of creating a placename by combining a family name or existing placename with a generic toponym (a type of place, like a meadow or forest) has been well documented. There are two precedents regarding this; one from 7/03 gives evidence for family names in unmodified form: No evidence was provided to support adding Sands to the end of an existing placename. However, there is a pattern in English, during the late Middle Ages and Renaissance, of placenames formed by appending a toponymic to a surname. Siren found some examples of this type of placename in A. D. Mills, Oxford Dictionary of London Place Names, including: Aldborough Hacche c. 1490 (s.n. Aldborough Hatch), Culling Deepe 1584 (s.n. Colindale), Coanie hatch 1593 (s.n. Colney Hatch), Fygmershe c. 1530 (s.n. Figge's Marsh), Gallion Reache 1588 (s.n. Gallions Reach), and Gallion Nesse 1588 (s.n. Gallions Reach).
And one from 5/04 gives evidence of the same pattern with the family name in the possessive form: However, Mills does have some examples of "family name+topographic", including s.n. Towersey, Turrisey, "of the Tower family, Towers' eg" 1240; s.n. Tey, Great, Merkys Tey, "Tege of the de Merck family" 1475; s.n. Leigh Bessilles Lee, "Leigh of the Bessil family" 1539.
Title in possessive form preceding placename
Abbotesberton	1329	Ekwall, s.n. Barton
Abbots Bekenton	1580	Mills, s.n. Bickington
Earls Barton	1290	Ekwall, s.n. Barton
Freron Barnet	1460	Ekwall, s.n. Barnet Chipping, East, and High and New (Friars')
Freresbarnet	1336	Mills London, s.n. Barnet, Frieren
Bisshopeshampton	1381	Ekwall, s.n. Bishampton
Biscopesburne	11th c.	Ekwall, s.n. Bishopsbourne (was Burnes in the Domesday Book)
Bisshopescanyngges	1314	Mills, s.n. Cannings, All & Bishops
Bishops Churyton	1370	Mills, s.n. Cheriton
Monekenebukhurst	1286	Mills London, s.n. Monkham's Avenue
Monken Hadley	1489	Mills London, s.n. Hadley, Monken Hadley
Abbotes Langele	1263	Mills, s.n. Langley
Kyngeslangeley	1463	Mills, s.n. Langley

Word referring to church or abbey not in possessive form preceding placename
Stepell Asschton	1341	Ekwall, s.n. Ashton
Rode Assheton	1475	Ekwall, s.n. Ashton
Stepelestone	1219	Ekwall, s.n. Aston
Chirche Acton	1347	Mills London, s.n. Acton
Kyrkelongeleye	1269	Mills, s.n. Langley
Chirch Langeton	1316	Mills, s.n. Langton
Whitladyaston	1481	Ekwall, s.n. Aston
Abbei Stratford	1389	Mills London, s.n. Stratford
Chapel Allerton	1360	Mills, s.n. Allerton
Chirich Stretton	1262	Mills, s.n. Stretton
Temple Grafton	1363	Mills, s.n. Grafton

Family names + generic topographic feature
Aldborough Hacche	c. 1490	Mills London, s.n. Aldborough Hatch
Culling Deepe	1584	Mills London, s.n. Colindale
Coanie hatch	1593	Mills London, s.n. Colney Hatch
Fygmershe	c. 1530	Mills London, s.n. Figge's Marsh
Gallion Reache	1588	Mills London, s.n. Gallions Reach
Gallion Nesse	1588	Mills London, s.n. Gallions Reach
Bokkynge Assh	1411	Mills, s.n. Ashbocking

Family name in possessive form + generic toponym
Ballardes Wood	1544	Mills London, s.n. Ballards Farm Road
Turrisey	1240	Mills, s.n. Towersey
Merkys Tey	1475	Mills, s.n. Tey, Great
Bessilles Lee	1539	Mills, s.n. Leigh
Squirrels Heath	16th c.	Mills London, s.n. Squirrels Heath

Placename followed by generic toponym
Aissewellethorpe (thorp belonging to Ashwell)	1254	Ekwall, s.n. Ashwellthorpe
Bichamdic (-dic has the modern meaning 'ditch')	c. 1050	Ekwall, s.n. Beechamwell
Bichham Welles (near some spring/'well')	1212	Ekwall, s.n. Beechamwell
Benfeldside	1297	Ekwall, s.n. Benfieldside
Lambythemersh	1377	Mills London, s.n. Lambeth
Lambeth Marshe	1597	Mills London, s.n. Lambeth
Lytel Ylleford heth	1369	Mills London, s.n. Little Heath
Peckham Rith	1529	Mills London, s.n. Peckham Rye
Barkingside	1538	Mills London, s.n. Barkingside
Barnes Elms	c. 1540	Mills London, s.n. Barn Elms
Bernelmes	1580	Mills London, s.n. Barn Elms
Bradefordebrigge	c. 1387	Mills London, s.n. Battle Bridge Road
Bekentre hathe	13th c.	Mills London, s.n. Becontree
Bentrye Hethe	1594	Mills London, s.n. Becontree
Stepheneth mershe	1432	Mills London, s.n. Isle of Dogs
Heighhamhill	1501	Mills London, s.n. Higham Hill
Hyewoodhill	1568	Mills London, s.n. Highwood Hill
Thorneton Hethe	1511	Mills London, s.n. Thornton Heath
Cambridge Heath	1596	Mills London, s.n. Cambridge Heath
Camprichthesheth	1275	Mills London, s.n. Cambridge Heath
Suffeild Hatch Grove	1641	Mills London, s.n. Suffield Hatch & Road
Stokeferie	1248	Mills, s.n. Stoke

Generic Toponym followed by placename
Mersse Baldinton	1241	Ekwall, s.n. Baldon, Toot and Marsh
Totbaldyndone (tote means 'hill')	1312	Ekwall, s.n. Baldon
Holebenham	1220	Ekwall, s.n. Benham Park, Hoe and Marsh B~, B~ Valence
Wodbastwyk	1253	Ekwall, s.n. Bastwick
Wodenderby	1198	Mills, s.n. Enderby



Pattern Four: Addition of adjectives to existing placenames
Many adjectives are added to existing placenames. These are organized by type and whether or not they're Latinized.

'Large' or 'Small'
Greate Aston	1619	Mills, s.n. Aston
Great Barre	1322	Ekwall, s.n. Barr, Great
Great Langeton	1223	Mills, s.n. Langton
Great Morton sub Lyme	1289	Ekwall, s.n.. Moreton
Greate Stanmore	1392	Mills London, s.n. Stanmore
Litelanstan	1086	Mills, s.n Anston, North & South
Little Aston	1266	Ekwall, s.n. Aston
Little Baggebergh	1243	Ekwall, s.n. Bagborough
Little Bampton	1317	Ekwall, s.n. Bampton
Little Barre	1208	Ekwall, s.n. Barr, Great
Little Stanmore	1599	Mills London, s.n. Stanmore
Little Stanmer	1590	Mills London, s.n. Whitechurch
Little Yelling	1650	Mills London, s.n. Ealing
Lytel Ylleford heth	1369	Mills London, s.n. Little Heath
Michill Ilford (Michill means 'great')	c. 1462	Mills London, s.n. Ilford
Much Stanmer	c. 1580	Mills London, s.n. Stanmore

'Large' and 'Small' Latinized
Benteleye Magna	1254	Ekwall, s.n. Bentley
Benteleye Parva	1254	Ekwall, s.n. Bentley
Berdefeud Magna	1238	Ekwall, s.n. Bardfield
Berdefeud Parva	1238	Ekwall, s.n. Barfield
Berningham Parva	1254	Ekwall, s.n. Barningham, Little
Magna Askeby	1292	Ekwall, s.n. Asby
Magna Beneton	1252	Ekwall, s.n. Benton, Little and Longbenton
Magna Berningham	1254	Ekwall, s.n. Barningham, Little
Maior Adinton	1220	Ekwall, s.n. Addington
Minor Adinton	1220	Ekwall, s.n. Addington
Parva Askeby	1292	Ekwall, s.n. Asby
Parva Babington	1242	Ekwall, s.n. Bavington
Parva Bentona	1236	Ekwall, s.n. Benton, Little and Longbenton

Cardinal direction plus placename
Estanesty	1263	Ekwall, s.n. Anstey, East and West
Estmorten	1231	Ekwall, s.n. Morton
Nort Eston	1200	Ekwall, s.n. Aston
Northanstan	1297	Ekwall, s.n. Anton, North and South
Northberwe	1242	Ekwall, s.n. Barrow
North Lamhuth	1309	Mills London, s.n. Lambuth
Nortmorton	Domesday Book (1086)	Ekwall, s.n. Morton
Sud Berwe	1242	Ekwall, s.n. Barrow
Sutacre	1242	Ekwall, s.n. Acre, Castle, South & West
Suthanstan	1297	Ekwall, s.n. Anton, North and South
West Baggebergh	1243	Ekwall, s.n. Bagborough
Westacre	1203	Ekwall, s.n. Acre, Castle, South & West
Westanostige	1234	Ekwall, s.n. Anstey, East and West
Westmorton	1231	Ekwall, s.n. Morton

'Upper' and 'Lower' plus placename
Heghebuginton	1423	Mills, s.n. Bickington
High Bernet	1575	Mills London, s.n. Barnet, Chipping
Holway the lower	1593	Mills London, s.n. Holloway
Holway the upper	1593	Mills London, s.n. Holloway
le Nether Northefeld	1459	Mills London, s.n. Northfields
le Over Northefeld	1459	Mills London, s.n. Northfields
Nederavena	c. 1150	Ekwall, s.n. Avon
Netherarnecote	1283	Ekwall, s.n. Arncot, Upper & Lower
Netherbetynges	1279	Ekwall, Beeding, Lower & Upper
Oppavrene	Domesday Book (1086)	Ekwall, s.n. Avon
Overarnecote	1283	Ekwall, s.n. Arncot, Upper & Lower
Upavene	c. 1150	Ekwall, s.n. Avon
Upper Bushhill	1608	Mills London, s.n. Bush Hill

'Old' or 'New' plus placename
Aldekanning	1205	Mills, s.n. Cannings, All & Bishops
New Braynford	1521	Mills London, s.n. Brentford
Old Braynford	1476	Mills London, s.n. Brentford
Vetus Appelbi	1198	Ekwall, s.n. Appleby, Magna & Parva

Other adjective plus placename
Caldessebi	c. 1150	Mills, s.n. Ashby
Cold Aston	1316	Ekwall, s.n. Aston
Estona frigida	1275	Ekwall, s.n. Aston
Colde Hatton	1223	Mills, s.n. Hatton
Irnacton ('Iron')	1287	Ekwall, s.n Acton
Irenacton	1248	Mills, s.n. Acton
Staniacton ('Stone')	1242	Ekwall, s.n. Acton
Midelestun	1220	Ekwall, s.n. Aston
Wetenaston (Weten probably means 'wheaten')	1248	Ekwall, s.n. Aston
Nigravre	Domesday Book (1086)	Ekwall, s.n. Avon
Hungre Bentley	1431	Ekwall, s.n. Bentley
Fennibenetlegh	1272	Ekwall, s.n. Bentley
Gudelenemorton	1226	Ekwall, s.n. Moreton
Stokene Neuton (stoken means 'tree stumps')	1294	Mills London, s.n. Stoke Newington
Stokenewington (stoken means 'tree stumps')	1535	Mills London, s.n. Stoke Newington
Blakaueton	1286	Ekwall, s.n. Blackawton
Hangyndestok ('hanging')	1263	Mills, s.n. Stoke
Longe Asshton	1467	Mills, s.n. Ashton
Haulte Huknall (Haulte means 'high')	1535	Mills, s.n. Hucklow
Heye Hatton	1327	Mills, s.n. Hatton
Fulebachope	c. 1200	Mills, s.n. Bacup

Placename plus other adjective
Bykenore Anglican'	1291	Ekwall, s.n. Bicknor
Bykenore Walens'	1291	Ekwall, s.n. Bicknor
Neweton Stoken (stoken means 'tree stumps')	1274	Mills London, s.n. Stoke Newington
Leyton Stone	1426	Mills London, s.n, Leytonstone



Pattern Five: Other complex placenames
Other element plus placename
Asse Wykin ('Wicken' is an independent placename)	1302	Ekwall, s.n. Ashwicken
Askiwiken ('Wicken' is an independent placename)	1275	Mills, s.n Ashwicken
Sculacle	12th c.	Ekwall, s.n. Aycliffe, Great, School
Castelacr'	1235	Ekwall, s.n. Acre, Castle, South & West
Castellum Bern'	c. 1150	Ekwall, s.n. Barnard Castle
Castel Morton	1346	Ekwall, s.n. Morton
Castel Assheby	1361	Ekwall, s.n. Ashby
Chepyng Barnet	1343	Ekwall, s.n. Barnet Chipping, East, High, and New

Two placenames
Allerton Gledhowe	1285	Ekwall, s.n. Allerton
Asshfeld Badewelle	1320	Ekwall, s.n. Badwell Ash
Badewelle Asfelde	13th c.	Ekwall, s.n. Badwell Ash
Barton Hartshorn	c. 1450	Ekwall, s.n. Barton
Batheston	1258	Ekwall, s.n. Batheaston
Bellebrochton	1290	Ekwall, s.n. Belbroughton
Belne Brochton	1298	Ekwall, s.n. Belbroughton
Berdefeld Salynge	1314	Ekwall, s.n. Bardfield
Berton Bristoll	1220	Ekwall, s.n. Barton
Ivyngho Aston	1490	Ekwall, s.n. Aston
Morton et Merehull	1316	Ekwall, s.n. Moreton
Morton Merehul	1336	Ekwall, s.n. Moreton

Placename with prepositional phrase
Allerton by ye water	1430	Mills, s.n. Allerton
Allerton Bywater	1257	Ekwall, s.n. Allerton
Appelton in Allerdale	1229	Ekwall, s.n. Apppleton
Ashton under Lyme	1305	Ekwall, s.n. Ashton
Assheton Underhill	1544	Mills, s.n. Ashton
Asshton under Lyme	1305	Mills, s.n. Ashton
Aston by Mondrem	1350	Ekwall, s.n. Aston
Aston in the Walles	1483	Ekwall, s.n. Aston
Aston juxta Burningham	1294	Ekwall, s.n. Aston
Aston sup. Carent	1327	Ekwall, s.n. Aston
Aston super Trentam	1330	Ekwall, s.n. Aston
Aynderby in le Myre	1499	Ekwall, s.n. Ainderby Mires
Aynderby wyth Stepil	1316	Ekwall, s.n. Ainderby Mires
Barewe on Sore	1311	Ekwall, s.n. Barrow
Barneby in the More	1371	Mills, s.n. Barmby
Barneby super Don	1285	Ekwall, s.n. Barneby Moor
Barneby super Don	1285	Mills, s.n. Barnby
Barton in le Benes	1388	Ekwall, s.n. Barton
Barton in le Benes	1388	Mills, s.n. Barton
Barton sub Nedwode	Henry III	Ekwall, s.n. Barton
Barton super Humbre	1281	Ekwall, s.n. Barton
Barton-in-the-Clay	1535	Mills, s.n. Barton
Berewicum super Twedam	1229	Ekwall, s.n. Berwick
Bertune apud Bristov	Domesday Book (1086)	Ekwall, s.n. Barton
Byestewalle juxta Warham	1310	Ekwall, s.n. Bestwall
Eston apud Ivyngho	128	Ekwall, s.n. Aston
Great Morton sub Lyme	1289	Ekwall, s.n. Moreton
Harowe atte Hille	1398	Mills London, s.n. Harrow
Harowe on the Hill	1426	Mills London, s.n. Harrow
Hauering atte Bower	1272	Mills London, s.n. Havering-atte-Bower
Kingestowne upon Thames	1589	Mills London, s.n. Kingstown Thames
Le Holeweye in Iseldone	1307	Mills London, s.n. Holloway
Les Bruses in Totenham	1375	Mills London, s.n. Bruce Castle & Grove
Leye under Brochurst	1285	Mills, s.n. Lee
Leyton atte Stone	1370	Mills London, s.n. Leytonstone
Mellefeld iuxta Mellelane	1443	Mills London, s.n. Millfields, North and South
Morton in Hennemersh	1253	Ekwall, s.n. Moreton
Morton juxta Logge	1291	Ekwall, s.n. Moreton
Stoke in Clymeslond	1302	Mills, s.n. Stoke
Stokes under Hamden	1248	Mills, s.n. Stoke
Strateford atte Bowe	1279	Mills London, s.n. Bow
Stratford at the Bowe	1494	Mills London, s.n. Bow
Strattone by Sugwas	1334	Mills, s.n. Stretton
Thorpe super Usam	1194	Ekwall, s.n. Bishopsthorpe
Wodecote juxta Croydun	1307	Mills London, s.n. Woodcote

Haven (as addition to existing placename)
In Speed's The Counties of Britain (most maps drawn 1610), there are a group of placenames that add -haven to an existing placename. They include:
Ballatimore Haven, Munster	c. 1610	Speed, pp. 282-283
Corckhauen, Munster	c. 1610	Speed, pp. 282-283
Cuckmere haven, Sussex	c. 1610	Speed, p. 175
Deere haven, Munster	c. 1610	Speed, pp. 282-283
Dingle haven, Munster	c. 1610	Speed, pp. 282-283
Dungarvan haven, Munster	c. 1610	Speed, pp. 282-283
Feriter haven, Munster	c. 1610	Speed, pp. 282-283
Gascon haven, Munster	c. 1610	Speed, pp. 282-283
Haslings haven, Sussex	c. 1610	Speed, p. 175
Pemsey Haven, Sussex	c. 1610	Speed, p. 175
Waterford haven, Munster	c. 1610	Speed, pp. 282-283
Youghall haven, Munster	c. 1610	Speed, pp. 282-283

A few appear to add -haven to another element, without an existing placename. These are not standard prothemes; instead, they seem to be the kinds of elements added to existing placenames.
Newhauen, Kent	c. 1610	Speed, p. 107
North Hauen poynt, Dorset	c. 1610	Speed, p. 71
Rye Hauen, Kent	c. 1610	Speed, p. 107
South Hauen poynt, Dorset	c. 1610	Speed, p. 71
Cuckolds haven	1588	Mills London, s.n. Cuckold's Point

The precedent from 12/01 adds another citation. At the time, it rules the element SCA-compatible, but the evidence here is clear for adding Haven to an existing placename. The evidence for constructing a bithemic placename using haven is weak. The element haven means 'harbor'. It was normally appended to an existing location name. For example, Speed, The Counties of Britain (p. 90, map of the Isle of Wight, most maps in this source drawn c. 1610) lists the location Yarmouth and lists Yarmouth Haven for the name of the harbor/bay nearby, Yarmouth cast (an abbreviation for castle) and Yarmouth Rode for locations near Yarmouth. (12/01, Rose Morgan).

'Crest' and 'Keep'
Crest and Keep are not found as placename elements. However, they are found both as generic toponyms and as family names. Therefore, they can be used in contexts where such elements can be used (appended to existing placnames or after the name of an owning family). Citations for them are given in precedent: [crest and keep] The element crest falls into the same category as keep. In both cases, we do not have evidence of that element used in a formal place name in period, though we have evidence of each as a geographical element. Bardsley (p. 216 Ekwall, s.n. Crest) dates both Rogerus del Crest and Johannes del Crest to 1379. Bardsley (p. 441 Ekwall, s.n. Keep) dates William atte Kep to 18 Edw. I, Roger Kep to I Edw. III, and Richard atte Kippe to I Edw. III. Reaney & Wilson (p. 261 Ekwall, s.n. Keep) dates Thomas ate Kepe to 1327 and Roger de Kepe to 1332. (11/01)

Family name followed by 'Green'
Wendengrene	1386	Mills London, s.n. Walham Green
Wanam Grene	1546	Mills London, s.n. Walham Green
Personesgrene	1391	Mills London, s.n. Parsons Green
Boundsgrene	1608	Mills London, s.n. Bonds Green

Placename followed by 'Green'
Assheley grene	1468	Mills, s.n. Ashley
Blethenalegreene	1443	Mills London, s.n. Bethnal Green
Camerwell grene	1572	Mills London, s.n. Camberwell
Estactongreene	1474	Mills London, s.n. Acton
Hadleygrene	1514	Mills London, s.n. Ardleigh Green
Lising Green	1610	Mills London, s.n. Lisson Green
Lylleston Grene	1547	Mills London, s.n. Lisson Green
Newyngtongrene	1480	Mills London, s.n. Newington Green

Elements followed by 'Grove'
Arnoldes Grove	1551	Mills London, s.n. Arnos Grove
Clayes More Grove	1610	Mills London, s.n. Claysmore
Foxgrove	1355	Mills London, s.n. Foxgrove
le Rokegrofe	1431	Mills London, s.n. Roke, Little
Pypis Grove	16th c.	Mills London, s.n. Phipps Bridge
Suffeild Hatch Grove	1641	Mills London, s.n. Suffield Hatch & Road