© 2010 by Julia Smith. All rights reserved.
Version 1.1, updated 11 August 2010
Over the last decade, we have accumulated information about several patterns of compound placenames in English (that is, placenames created by taking an existing placename or toponymic element and adding to it an additional identifier, like the name of an owner). Such names were used both in the names of locations (and thus suitable for branch and household names) and in personal names. While most of our examples of personal names using these complex locatives are late period, there are some earlier examples, such as the mid 13th c. filius Wilelmi de Media Karleton' and filius Adae de Oswaldekyrke (both from Postles 2006, p. 92 and p. 97 respectively).
This article reviews the patterns of complex bynames we can identify and gives six to ten examples of each (fewer than that means that I was unable to identify at least six examples). The sources of citations are indicated in the text; full bibliographic citations for the sources are given below.
FIXME - links go here for each category and subcategory (kinda like the top of the Colleges page in that article). I'll add the links when the category headers/subheaders below are finalized
There are many examples of surnames appended to existing placenames in Mills and Ekwall. This pattern has been documented for some time. The most important precedent regarding this pattern is:
Sandy is a placename, dated as Sandeie to 1086 in Mills (Ekwall, s.n. Sandy). There is a pattern of English placenames created by appending surnames to existing placenames. Examples of this include Chilton Foliot 1221 (Mills, p. 78 Ekwall, s.n. Chilton), Northone Brun c. 1266 (Mills, p. 244 Ekwall, s.n. Norton), and Saunford Peverel 1275 (Mills, p. 284 Ekwall, s.n. Sampford). As Stream is a surname, dated to 1279 in the form ate Streme (Reaney & Wilson, Ekwall, s.n. Stream), a location Sandy located on or near an estate owned by the Stream family could come to be known as Sandy Stream. [Leah of Sandy Stream, 08/2003 LoAR, A-Caid]
Pattern One: Placename with family name or other owner reference following | ||
Placename with family name following | ||
There are many examples of family names appended to existing placenames in Mills and Ekwall. Examples include: | ||
Acaster Malebisse | 1252 | Ekwall, s.n. Acaster Malbis & Selby |
Akton Burnill | 1198 | Ekwall, s.n. Acton |
Acton Picot | 1255 | Ekwall, s.n. Acton |
Adbryghton Heose | 1327 | Ekwall, s.n. Albright Hussey |
Allerton Mauleuerer | 1231 | Ekwall, s.n. Allerton Mauleverer |
Aweltun Berner' | 1275 | Ekwall, s.n. Alton Pancras |
Anna Savage | 1242 | Ekwall, s.n. Ann, Abbots & Little, Amport, Sarson |
Aspeleye Gyse | 1363 | Ekwall, s.n. Aspley Guise |
Aston Sanford | 1242 | Ekwall, s.n. Aston |
Aston Aer | 1291 | Ekwall, s.n. Aston |
Ascam Bryan | 1285 | Mills, s.n. Askham |
A few examples of this pattern retain articles or prepositions from bynames | ||
Acton le Runde | 1284 | Ekwall, s.n. Acton |
Morton de Say | 1255 | Ekwall, s.n. Moreton |
Esseby la Zusche | 1241 | Ekwall, s.n. Ashby |
Anna de Port | c. 1270 | Ekwall, s.n. Ann, Abbots & Little, Amport, Sarson |
Toting de Bek | 1255 | Mills London, s.n. Toting Bec and Graveney |
Stokes de Abernun | 1253 | Mills, s.n. Stoke |
Some combine the placename and family name as one word | ||
Bartonblonte | 1535 | Ekwall, s.n. Barton |
Bairechartereay | 1288 | Ekwall, s.n. Beer |
Byrfferers | 1239 | Ekwall, s.n. Bere Ferrers |
Berehaket | 1362 | Mills, s.n. Beer Hacket |
Totingraveney | 1316 | Mills London, s.n. Toting Bec & Graveney |
Totingbek | 1316 | Mills London, s.n. Toting Bec & Graveney |
One example uses the possessive form of the family name | ||
Belcham Otes | 1256 | Ekwall, s.n. Belchamp Otten, St. Pauls, and Walton |
The pattern is also found with Latin elements (with the attached name in the genitive form) | ||
Actona Willelmi | 1167 | Ekwall, s.n. Acton |
Essebia Fulconis de Foleuilla | Henry II | Ekwall, s.n. Ashbey |
Esse Valteri | 1270 | Mills, s.n. Ashwater |
Askham Ricardi | 1291 | Mills, s.n. Askham |
The pattern of adding the owner's name after the placename also occurs with titles, like abbot and count | ||
Esse Prior | 1263 | Ekwall, s.n. Ash |
Essheby Canons | 13th. c. | Mills, s.n. Ashby |
The same pattern with Latin elements (with the attached title in the genitive form) | ||
Adbrichton Monachorum | 1255 | Ekwall, s.n. Albright Hussey |
Aulton prioris | 1199 | Ekwall, s.n. Alton Pancras |
Anne Abbatis | c. 1270 | Ekwall, s.n. Ann, Abbots & Little, Amport, Sarson |
Esseby Canonicorum | 1254 | Ekwall, s.n. Ashby |
Eston abbatis Sancti Albani | 1237-40 | Ekwall, s.n. Aston |
Aston Abbatis | 1262 | Ekwall, s.n. Aston |
Barton comitis David | 1187 | Ekwall, s.n. Barton |
Betton Abbatis | 1301 | Ekwall, s.n. Betton Abbots or Strange |
Stoke Episcopei | c. 1270 | Ekwall, s.n. Bishopstoke |
Placename with church/saint's name following | ||
Aulton Pancras | 1412 | Ekwall, s.n. Alton Pancras |
Stokegabriel | 1309 | Mills, s.n. Stoke |
Berevord St Martin | 1304 | Mills, s.n. Barford |
Belchampe of St Paul | 1451 | Mills, s.n. Belchamp |
Placename with church/saint's name following with Latin elements | ||
Ameneye Sancte Crucis | 1287 | Ekwall, s.n. Ampney Crucis, St. Mary, St. Peter, Down A~ |
Amenel Sancti Petri | c. 1275 | Ekwall, s.n. Ampney Crucis, St. Mary, St. Peter, Down A~ |
Ammeney Beate Marie | 1291 | Ekwall, s.n. Ampney Crucis, St. Mary, St. Peter, Down A~ |
Esseby Sancti Ledodgarii | 1248 | Ekwall, s.n. Ashby St. Ledgers |
Bernewell Omnium Sanctorum | 1254 | Ekwall, s.n. Barnwell St. Andrew & All Saints |
Bernewell Sancti Andree | 1254 | Ekwall, s.n. Barnwell St. Andrew & All Saints |
Bello Campo Sancti Pauli | 1248 | Ekwall, s.n. Belchamp Otten, St. Pauls, and Walton |
Berewyk Sancti Jacobi | c. 1991 | Ekwall, s.n. Berwick |
Berewyke S. Johannis | 1267 | Ekwall, s.n. Berwick |
Berewyk Sancti Leonardi | 1291 | Ekwall, s.n. Berwick |
Pattern Two: Placename with surname preceding | ||
This pattern is somewhat less common than the first one. Sometimes family names or titles precede the placename; in this case, the family name or title generally takes a possessive form. | ||
Family or given name in possessive form preceding placename | ||
Ringgesashe | 1306 | Ekwall, s.n. Ashereigny |
Scottes Acton | 1289 | Ekwall, s.n. Acton |
Craucombesbere | 1325 | Ekwall, s.n. Beer |
Brittesmoreton | 1204 | Ekwall, s.n. Morton |
Aluredestretton | 1262 | Mills, s.n. Stretton |
Bekesborne | 1280 | Mills, s.n. Bekesbourne |
Rous lench | 1445 | Mills, s.n. Lench |
Family or given name unmodified preceding placename | ||
Abeleng | 1086 | Mills, s.n. Lench |
Achelenz | 1086 | Mills, s.n. Lench |
Cocking Hatley | 1576 | Mills, s.n. Hatley |
Waterbelcham | 1297 | Ekwall, s.n. Belchamp Otten, St. Pauls, and Walton |
Pattern Three: Placename or family name followed by generic toponymic | ||
The pattern of creating a placename by combining a family name or existing placename
with a generic toponym (a type of place, like a meadow or forest) has been well documented.
There are two precedents regarding this; one from 7/03 gives evidence for
family names in unmodified form:No evidence was provided to support adding Sands to the end of an existing placename. However, there is a pattern in English, during the late Middle Ages and Renaissance, of placenames formed by appending a toponymic to a surname. Siren found some examples of this type of placename in A. D. Mills, Oxford Dictionary of London Place Names, including: Aldborough Hacche c. 1490 (s.n. Aldborough Hatch), Culling Deepe 1584 (s.n. Colindale), Coanie hatch 1593 (s.n. Colney Hatch), Fygmershe c. 1530 (s.n. Figge's Marsh), Gallion Reache 1588 (s.n. Gallions Reach), and Gallion Nesse 1588 (s.n. Gallions Reach). | ||
And one from 5/04 gives evidence of the same pattern with the family name
in the possessive form:However, Mills does have some examples of "family name+topographic", including s.n. Towersey, Turrisey, "of the Tower family, Towers' eg" 1240; s.n. Tey, Great, Merkys Tey, "Tege of the de Merck family" 1475; s.n. Leigh Bessilles Lee, "Leigh of the Bessil family" 1539. | ||
Title in possessive form preceding placename | ||
Abbotesberton | 1329 | Ekwall, s.n. Barton |
Abbots Bekenton | 1580 | Mills, s.n. Bickington |
Earls Barton | 1290 | Ekwall, s.n. Barton |
Freron Barnet | 1460 | Ekwall, s.n. Barnet Chipping, East, and High and New (Friars') |
Freresbarnet | 1336 | Mills London, s.n. Barnet, Frieren |
Bisshopeshampton | 1381 | Ekwall, s.n. Bishampton |
Biscopesburne | 11th c. | Ekwall, s.n. Bishopsbourne (was Burnes in the Domesday Book) |
Bisshopescanyngges | 1314 | Mills, s.n. Cannings, All & Bishops |
Bishops Churyton | 1370 | Mills, s.n. Cheriton |
Monekenebukhurst | 1286 | Mills London, s.n. Monkham's Avenue |
Monken Hadley | 1489 | Mills London, s.n. Hadley, Monken Hadley |
Abbotes Langele | 1263 | Mills, s.n. Langley |
Kyngeslangeley | 1463 | Mills, s.n. Langley |
Word referring to church or abbey not in possessive form preceding placename | ||
Stepell Asschton | 1341 | Ekwall, s.n. Ashton |
Rode Assheton | 1475 | Ekwall, s.n. Ashton |
Stepelestone | 1219 | Ekwall, s.n. Aston |
Chirche Acton | 1347 | Mills London, s.n. Acton |
Kyrkelongeleye | 1269 | Mills, s.n. Langley |
Chirch Langeton | 1316 | Mills, s.n. Langton |
Whitladyaston | 1481 | Ekwall, s.n. Aston |
Abbei Stratford | 1389 | Mills London, s.n. Stratford |
Chapel Allerton | 1360 | Mills, s.n. Allerton |
Chirich Stretton | 1262 | Mills, s.n. Stretton |
Temple Grafton | 1363 | Mills, s.n. Grafton |
Family names + generic topographic feature | ||
Aldborough Hacche | c. 1490 | Mills London, s.n. Aldborough Hatch |
Culling Deepe | 1584 | Mills London, s.n. Colindale |
Coanie hatch | 1593 | Mills London, s.n. Colney Hatch |
Fygmershe | c. 1530 | Mills London, s.n. Figge's Marsh |
Gallion Reache | 1588 | Mills London, s.n. Gallions Reach |
Gallion Nesse | 1588 | Mills London, s.n. Gallions Reach |
Bokkynge Assh | 1411 | Mills, s.n. Ashbocking |
Family name in possessive form + generic toponym | ||
Ballardes Wood | 1544 | Mills London, s.n. Ballards Farm Road |
Turrisey | 1240 | Mills, s.n. Towersey |
Merkys Tey | 1475 | Mills, s.n. Tey, Great |
Bessilles Lee | 1539 | Mills, s.n. Leigh |
Squirrels Heath | 16th c. | Mills London, s.n. Squirrels Heath |
Placename followed by generic toponym | ||
Aissewellethorpe (thorp belonging to Ashwell) | 1254 | Ekwall, s.n. Ashwellthorpe |
Bichamdic (-dic has the modern meaning 'ditch') | c. 1050 | Ekwall, s.n. Beechamwell |
Bichham Welles (near some spring/'well') | 1212 | Ekwall, s.n. Beechamwell |
Benfeldside | 1297 | Ekwall, s.n. Benfieldside |
Lambythemersh | 1377 | Mills London, s.n. Lambeth |
Lambeth Marshe | 1597 | Mills London, s.n. Lambeth |
Lytel Ylleford heth | 1369 | Mills London, s.n. Little Heath |
Peckham Rith | 1529 | Mills London, s.n. Peckham Rye |
Barkingside | 1538 | Mills London, s.n. Barkingside |
Barnes Elms | c. 1540 | Mills London, s.n. Barn Elms |
Bernelmes | 1580 | Mills London, s.n. Barn Elms |
Bradefordebrigge | c. 1387 | Mills London, s.n. Battle Bridge Road |
Bekentre hathe | 13th c. | Mills London, s.n. Becontree |
Bentrye Hethe | 1594 | Mills London, s.n. Becontree |
Stepheneth mershe | 1432 | Mills London, s.n. Isle of Dogs |
Heighhamhill | 1501 | Mills London, s.n. Higham Hill |
Hyewoodhill | 1568 | Mills London, s.n. Highwood Hill |
Thorneton Hethe | 1511 | Mills London, s.n. Thornton Heath |
Cambridge Heath | 1596 | Mills London, s.n. Cambridge Heath |
Camprichthesheth | 1275 | Mills London, s.n. Cambridge Heath |
Suffeild Hatch Grove | 1641 | Mills London, s.n. Suffield Hatch & Road |
Stokeferie | 1248 | Mills, s.n. Stoke |
Generic Toponym followed by placename | ||
Mersse Baldinton | 1241 | Ekwall, s.n. Baldon, Toot and Marsh |
Totbaldyndone (tote means 'hill') | 1312 | Ekwall, s.n. Baldon |
Holebenham | 1220 | Ekwall, s.n. Benham Park, Hoe and Marsh B~, B~ Valence |
Wodbastwyk | 1253 | Ekwall, s.n. Bastwick |
Wodenderby | 1198 | Mills, s.n. Enderby |
Pattern Four: Addition of adjectives to existing placenames | ||
Many adjectives are added to existing placenames. These are organized by type and whether or not they're Latinized. | ||
'Large' or 'Small' | ||
Greate Aston | 1619 | Mills, s.n. Aston |
Great Barre | 1322 | Ekwall, s.n. Barr, Great |
Great Langeton | 1223 | Mills, s.n. Langton |
Great Morton sub Lyme | 1289 | Ekwall, s.n.. Moreton |
Greate Stanmore | 1392 | Mills London, s.n. Stanmore |
Litelanstan | 1086 | Mills, s.n Anston, North & South |
Little Aston | 1266 | Ekwall, s.n. Aston |
Little Baggebergh | 1243 | Ekwall, s.n. Bagborough |
Little Bampton | 1317 | Ekwall, s.n. Bampton |
Little Barre | 1208 | Ekwall, s.n. Barr, Great |
Little Stanmore | 1599 | Mills London, s.n. Stanmore |
Little Stanmer | 1590 | Mills London, s.n. Whitechurch |
Little Yelling | 1650 | Mills London, s.n. Ealing |
Lytel Ylleford heth | 1369 | Mills London, s.n. Little Heath |
Michill Ilford (Michill means 'great') | c. 1462 | Mills London, s.n. Ilford |
Much Stanmer | c. 1580 | Mills London, s.n. Stanmore |
'Large' and 'Small' Latinized | ||
Benteleye Magna | 1254 | Ekwall, s.n. Bentley |
Benteleye Parva | 1254 | Ekwall, s.n. Bentley |
Berdefeud Magna | 1238 | Ekwall, s.n. Bardfield |
Berdefeud Parva | 1238 | Ekwall, s.n. Barfield |
Berningham Parva | 1254 | Ekwall, s.n. Barningham, Little |
Magna Askeby | 1292 | Ekwall, s.n. Asby |
Magna Beneton | 1252 | Ekwall, s.n. Benton, Little and Longbenton |
Magna Berningham | 1254 | Ekwall, s.n. Barningham, Little |
Maior Adinton | 1220 | Ekwall, s.n. Addington |
Minor Adinton | 1220 | Ekwall, s.n. Addington |
Parva Askeby | 1292 | Ekwall, s.n. Asby |
Parva Babington | 1242 | Ekwall, s.n. Bavington |
Parva Bentona | 1236 | Ekwall, s.n. Benton, Little and Longbenton |
Cardinal direction plus placename | ||
Estanesty | 1263 | Ekwall, s.n. Anstey, East and West |
Estmorten | 1231 | Ekwall, s.n. Morton |
Nort Eston | 1200 | Ekwall, s.n. Aston |
Northanstan | 1297 | Ekwall, s.n. Anton, North and South |
Northberwe | 1242 | Ekwall, s.n. Barrow |
North Lamhuth | 1309 | Mills London, s.n. Lambuth |
Nortmorton | Domesday Book (1086) | Ekwall, s.n. Morton |
Sud Berwe | 1242 | Ekwall, s.n. Barrow |
Sutacre | 1242 | Ekwall, s.n. Acre, Castle, South & West |
Suthanstan | 1297 | Ekwall, s.n. Anton, North and South |
West Baggebergh | 1243 | Ekwall, s.n. Bagborough |
Westacre | 1203 | Ekwall, s.n. Acre, Castle, South & West |
Westanostige | 1234 | Ekwall, s.n. Anstey, East and West |
Westmorton | 1231 | Ekwall, s.n. Morton |
'Upper' and 'Lower' plus placename | ||
Heghebuginton | 1423 | Mills, s.n. Bickington |
High Bernet | 1575 | Mills London, s.n. Barnet, Chipping |
Holway the lower | 1593 | Mills London, s.n. Holloway |
Holway the upper | 1593 | Mills London, s.n. Holloway |
le Nether Northefeld | 1459 | Mills London, s.n. Northfields |
le Over Northefeld | 1459 | Mills London, s.n. Northfields |
Nederavena | c. 1150 | Ekwall, s.n. Avon |
Netherarnecote | 1283 | Ekwall, s.n. Arncot, Upper & Lower |
Netherbetynges | 1279 | Ekwall, Beeding, Lower & Upper |
Oppavrene | Domesday Book (1086) | Ekwall, s.n. Avon |
Overarnecote | 1283 | Ekwall, s.n. Arncot, Upper & Lower |
Upavene | c. 1150 | Ekwall, s.n. Avon |
Upper Bushhill | 1608 | Mills London, s.n. Bush Hill |
'Old' or 'New' plus placename | ||
Aldekanning | 1205 | Mills, s.n. Cannings, All & Bishops |
New Braynford | 1521 | Mills London, s.n. Brentford |
Old Braynford | 1476 | Mills London, s.n. Brentford |
Vetus Appelbi | 1198 | Ekwall, s.n. Appleby, Magna & Parva |
Other adjective plus placename | ||
Caldessebi | c. 1150 | Mills, s.n. Ashby |
Cold Aston | 1316 | Ekwall, s.n. Aston |
Estona frigida | 1275 | Ekwall, s.n. Aston |
Colde Hatton | 1223 | Mills, s.n. Hatton |
Irnacton ('Iron') | 1287 | Ekwall, s.n Acton |
Irenacton | 1248 | Mills, s.n. Acton |
Staniacton ('Stone') | 1242 | Ekwall, s.n. Acton |
Midelestun | 1220 | Ekwall, s.n. Aston |
Wetenaston (Weten probably means 'wheaten') | 1248 | Ekwall, s.n. Aston |
Nigravre | Domesday Book (1086) | Ekwall, s.n. Avon |
Hungre Bentley | 1431 | Ekwall, s.n. Bentley |
Fennibenetlegh | 1272 | Ekwall, s.n. Bentley |
Gudelenemorton | 1226 | Ekwall, s.n. Moreton |
Stokene Neuton (stoken means 'tree stumps') | 1294 | Mills London, s.n. Stoke Newington |
Stokenewington (stoken means 'tree stumps') | 1535 | Mills London, s.n. Stoke Newington |
Blakaueton | 1286 | Ekwall, s.n. Blackawton |
Hangyndestok ('hanging') | 1263 | Mills, s.n. Stoke |
Longe Asshton | 1467 | Mills, s.n. Ashton |
Haulte Huknall (Haulte means 'high') | 1535 | Mills, s.n. Hucklow |
Heye Hatton | 1327 | Mills, s.n. Hatton |
Fulebachope | c. 1200 | Mills, s.n. Bacup |
Placename plus other adjective | ||
Bykenore Anglican' | 1291 | Ekwall, s.n. Bicknor |
Bykenore Walens' | 1291 | Ekwall, s.n. Bicknor |
Neweton Stoken (stoken means 'tree stumps') | 1274 | Mills London, s.n. Stoke Newington |
Leyton Stone | 1426 | Mills London, s.n, Leytonstone |
Pattern Five: Other complex placenames | ||
Other element plus placename | ||
Asse Wykin ('Wicken' is an independent placename) | 1302 | Ekwall, s.n. Ashwicken |
Askiwiken ('Wicken' is an independent placename) | 1275 | Mills, s.n Ashwicken |
Sculacle | 12th c. | Ekwall, s.n. Aycliffe, Great, School |
Castelacr' | 1235 | Ekwall, s.n. Acre, Castle, South & West |
Castellum Bern' | c. 1150 | Ekwall, s.n. Barnard Castle |
Castel Morton | 1346 | Ekwall, s.n. Morton |
Castel Assheby | 1361 | Ekwall, s.n. Ashby |
Chepyng Barnet | 1343 | Ekwall, s.n. Barnet Chipping, East, High, and New |
Two placenames | ||
Allerton Gledhowe | 1285 | Ekwall, s.n. Allerton |
Asshfeld Badewelle | 1320 | Ekwall, s.n. Badwell Ash |
Badewelle Asfelde | 13th c. | Ekwall, s.n. Badwell Ash |
Barton Hartshorn | c. 1450 | Ekwall, s.n. Barton |
Batheston | 1258 | Ekwall, s.n. Batheaston |
Bellebrochton | 1290 | Ekwall, s.n. Belbroughton |
Belne Brochton | 1298 | Ekwall, s.n. Belbroughton |
Berdefeld Salynge | 1314 | Ekwall, s.n. Bardfield |
Berton Bristoll | 1220 | Ekwall, s.n. Barton |
Ivyngho Aston | 1490 | Ekwall, s.n. Aston |
Morton et Merehull | 1316 | Ekwall, s.n. Moreton |
Morton Merehul | 1336 | Ekwall, s.n. Moreton |
Placename with prepositional phrase | ||
Allerton by ye water | 1430 | Mills, s.n. Allerton |
Allerton Bywater | 1257 | Ekwall, s.n. Allerton |
Appelton in Allerdale | 1229 | Ekwall, s.n. Apppleton |
Ashton under Lyme | 1305 | Ekwall, s.n. Ashton |
Assheton Underhill | 1544 | Mills, s.n. Ashton |
Asshton under Lyme | 1305 | Mills, s.n. Ashton |
Aston by Mondrem | 1350 | Ekwall, s.n. Aston |
Aston in the Walles | 1483 | Ekwall, s.n. Aston |
Aston juxta Burningham | 1294 | Ekwall, s.n. Aston |
Aston sup. Carent | 1327 | Ekwall, s.n. Aston |
Aston super Trentam | 1330 | Ekwall, s.n. Aston |
Aynderby in le Myre | 1499 | Ekwall, s.n. Ainderby Mires |
Aynderby wyth Stepil | 1316 | Ekwall, s.n. Ainderby Mires |
Barewe on Sore | 1311 | Ekwall, s.n. Barrow |
Barneby in the More | 1371 | Mills, s.n. Barmby |
Barneby super Don | 1285 | Ekwall, s.n. Barneby Moor |
Barneby super Don | 1285 | Mills, s.n. Barnby |
Barton in le Benes | 1388 | Ekwall, s.n. Barton |
Barton in le Benes | 1388 | Mills, s.n. Barton |
Barton sub Nedwode | Henry III | Ekwall, s.n. Barton |
Barton super Humbre | 1281 | Ekwall, s.n. Barton |
Barton-in-the-Clay | 1535 | Mills, s.n. Barton |
Berewicum super Twedam | 1229 | Ekwall, s.n. Berwick |
Bertune apud Bristov | Domesday Book (1086) | Ekwall, s.n. Barton |
Byestewalle juxta Warham | 1310 | Ekwall, s.n. Bestwall |
Eston apud Ivyngho | 128 | Ekwall, s.n. Aston |
Great Morton sub Lyme | 1289 | Ekwall, s.n. Moreton |
Harowe atte Hille | 1398 | Mills London, s.n. Harrow |
Harowe on the Hill | 1426 | Mills London, s.n. Harrow |
Hauering atte Bower | 1272 | Mills London, s.n. Havering-atte-Bower |
Kingestowne upon Thames | 1589 | Mills London, s.n. Kingstown Thames |
Le Holeweye in Iseldone | 1307 | Mills London, s.n. Holloway |
Les Bruses in Totenham | 1375 | Mills London, s.n. Bruce Castle & Grove |
Leye under Brochurst | 1285 | Mills, s.n. Lee |
Leyton atte Stone | 1370 | Mills London, s.n. Leytonstone |
Mellefeld iuxta Mellelane | 1443 | Mills London, s.n. Millfields, North and South |
Morton in Hennemersh | 1253 | Ekwall, s.n. Moreton |
Morton juxta Logge | 1291 | Ekwall, s.n. Moreton |
Stoke in Clymeslond | 1302 | Mills, s.n. Stoke |
Stokes under Hamden | 1248 | Mills, s.n. Stoke |
Strateford atte Bowe | 1279 | Mills London, s.n. Bow |
Stratford at the Bowe | 1494 | Mills London, s.n. Bow |
Strattone by Sugwas | 1334 | Mills, s.n. Stretton |
Thorpe super Usam | 1194 | Ekwall, s.n. Bishopsthorpe |
Wodecote juxta Croydun | 1307 | Mills London, s.n. Woodcote |
Haven (as addition to existing placename) | ||
In Speed's The Counties of Britain (most maps drawn 1610), there are a group of placenames that add -haven to an existing placename. They include: | ||
Ballatimore Haven, Munster | c. 1610 | Speed, pp. 282-283 |
Corckhauen, Munster | c. 1610 | Speed, pp. 282-283 |
Cuckmere haven, Sussex | c. 1610 | Speed, p. 175 |
Deere haven, Munster | c. 1610 | Speed, pp. 282-283 |
Dingle haven, Munster | c. 1610 | Speed, pp. 282-283 |
Dungarvan haven, Munster | c. 1610 | Speed, pp. 282-283 |
Feriter haven, Munster | c. 1610 | Speed, pp. 282-283 |
Gascon haven, Munster | c. 1610 | Speed, pp. 282-283 |
Haslings haven, Sussex | c. 1610 | Speed, p. 175 |
Pemsey Haven, Sussex | c. 1610 | Speed, p. 175 |
Waterford haven, Munster | c. 1610 | Speed, pp. 282-283 |
Youghall haven, Munster | c. 1610 | Speed, pp. 282-283 |
A few appear to add -haven to another element, without an existing placename. These are not standard prothemes; instead, they seem to be the kinds of elements added to existing placenames. | ||
Newhauen, Kent | c. 1610 | Speed, p. 107 |
North Hauen poynt, Dorset | c. 1610 | Speed, p. 71 |
Rye Hauen, Kent | c. 1610 | Speed, p. 107 |
South Hauen poynt, Dorset | c. 1610 | Speed, p. 71 |
Cuckolds haven | 1588 | Mills London, s.n. Cuckold's Point |
The precedent from 12/01 adds another citation. At the time, it rules the element SCA-compatible, but the evidence here is clear for adding Haven to an existing placename. The evidence for constructing a bithemic placename using haven is weak.The element haven means 'harbor'. It was normally appended to an existing location name. For example, Speed, The Counties of Britain (p. 90, map of the Isle of Wight, most maps in this source drawn c. 1610) lists the location Yarmouth and lists Yarmouth Haven for the name of the harbor/bay nearby, Yarmouth cast (an abbreviation for castle) and Yarmouth Rode for locations near Yarmouth. (12/01, Rose Morgan). | ||
'Crest' and 'Keep' | ||
Crest and Keep are not found as placename elements.
However, they are found both as generic toponyms and as family names.
Therefore, they can be used in contexts where such elements can be used
(appended to existing placnames or after the name of an owning family).
Citations for them are given in precedent:[crest and keep] The element crest falls into the same category as keep. In both cases, we do not have evidence of that element used in a formal place name in period, though we have evidence of each as a geographical element. Bardsley (p. 216 Ekwall, s.n. Crest) dates both Rogerus del Crest and Johannes del Crest to 1379. Bardsley (p. 441 Ekwall, s.n. Keep) dates William atte Kep to 18 Edw. I, Roger Kep to I Edw. III, and Richard atte Kippe to I Edw. III. Reaney & Wilson (p. 261 Ekwall, s.n. Keep) dates Thomas ate Kepe to 1327 and Roger de Kepe to 1332. (11/01) | ||
Family name followed by 'Green' | ||
Wendengrene | 1386 | Mills London, s.n. Walham Green |
Wanam Grene | 1546 | Mills London, s.n. Walham Green |
Personesgrene | 1391 | Mills London, s.n. Parsons Green |
Boundsgrene | 1608 | Mills London, s.n. Bonds Green |
Placename followed by 'Green' | ||
Assheley grene | 1468 | Mills, s.n. Ashley |
Blethenalegreene | 1443 | Mills London, s.n. Bethnal Green |
Camerwell grene | 1572 | Mills London, s.n. Camberwell |
Estactongreene | 1474 | Mills London, s.n. Acton |
Hadleygrene | 1514 | Mills London, s.n. Ardleigh Green |
Lising Green | 1610 | Mills London, s.n. Lisson Green |
Lylleston Grene | 1547 | Mills London, s.n. Lisson Green |
Newyngtongrene | 1480 | Mills London, s.n. Newington Green |
Elements followed by 'Grove' | ||
Arnoldes Grove | 1551 | Mills London, s.n. Arnos Grove |
Clayes More Grove | 1610 | Mills London, s.n. Claysmore |
Foxgrove | 1355 | Mills London, s.n. Foxgrove |
le Rokegrofe | 1431 | Mills London, s.n. Roke, Little |
Pypis Grove | 16th c. | Mills London, s.n. Phipps Bridge |
Suffeild Hatch Grove | 1641 | Mills London, s.n. Suffield Hatch & Road |
Ekwall | Ekwall, Eilert. The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Place-names. Oxford University Press. |
Mills | Mills, A. D.. A Dictionary of English Place-Names. Oxford University Press. |
Mills London | Mills, A. D.. A Dictionary of London Place Names. Oxford University Press. |
Speed | Speed. The Counties of Britain. |
HTML editing by Mari ingen Briain meic Donnchada.
Medieval Scotland | Medieval Names Archive | Compound Placenames in English
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